40 results
A review of HTA guidelines on societal and novel value elements
- Rachel Milstein Breslau, Joshua T. Cohen, Jose Diaz, Bill Malcolm, Peter J. Neumann
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 39 / Issue 1 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 May 2023, e31
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Objectives
Health technology assessment (HTA) organizations vary in terms of how they conduct assessments. We assess whether and to what extent HTA bodies have adopted societal and novel elements of value in their economic evaluations.
MethodsAfter categorizing “societal” and “novel” elements of value, we reviewed fifty-three HTA guidelines. We collected data on whether each guideline mentioned each societal or novel element of value, and if so, whether the guideline recommended the element’s inclusion in the base case, sensitivity analysis, or qualitative discussion in the HTA.
ResultsThe HTA guidelines mention on average 5.9 of the twenty-one societal and novel value elements we identified (range 0–16), including 2.3 of the ten societal elements and 3.3 of the eleven novel value elements. Only four value elements (productivity, family spillover, equity, and transportation) appear in over half of the HTA guidelines, whereas thirteen value elements are mentioned in fewer than one-sixth of the guidelines, and two elements receive no mention. Most guidelines do not recommend value element inclusion in the base case, sensitivity analysis, or qualitative discussion in the HTA.
ConclusionsIdeally, more HTA organizations will adopt guidelines for measuring societal and novel value elements, including analytic considerations. Importantly, simply recommending in guidelines that HTA bodies consider novel elements may not lead to their incorporation into assessments or ultimate decision making.
Cognitive function in early-phase schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: IQ subtypes, brain volume and immune markers
- Andrew J. Watson, Annalisa Giordano, John Suckling, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Nusrat Husain, Peter B. Jones, Carl R. Krynicki, Stephen M. Lawrie, Shôn Lewis, Naghmeh Nikkheslat, Carmine M. Pariante, Rachel Upthegrove, Bill Deakin, Paola Dazzan, Eileen M. Joyce
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 7 / May 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 February 2022, pp. 2842-2851
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Background
Evidence suggests that cognitive subtypes exist in schizophrenia that may reflect different neurobiological trajectories. We aimed to identify whether IQ-derived cognitive subtypes are present in early-phase schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and examine their relationship with brain structure and markers of neuroinflammation.
Method161 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder (<5 years) were recruited. Estimated premorbid and current IQ were calculated using the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading and a 4-subtest WAIS-III. Cognitive subtypes were identified with k-means clustering. Freesurfer was used to analyse 3.0 T MRI. Blood samples were analysed for hs-CRP, IL-1RA, IL-6 and TNF-α.
ResultsThree subtypes were identified indicating preserved (PIQ), deteriorated (DIQ) and compromised (CIQ) IQ. Absolute total brain volume was significantly smaller in CIQ compared to PIQ and DIQ, and intracranial volume was smaller in CIQ than PIQ (F(2, 124) = 6.407, p = 0.002) indicative of premorbid smaller brain size in the CIQ group. CIQ had higher levels of hs-CRP than PIQ (F(2, 131) = 5.01, p = 0.008). PIQ showed differentially impaired processing speed and verbal learning compared to IQ-matched healthy controls.
ConclusionsThe findings add validity of a neurodevelopmental subtype of schizophrenia identified by comparing estimated premorbid and current IQ and characterised by smaller premorbid brain volume and higher measures of low-grade inflammation (CRP).
‘He just gave up’: an exploratory study into the perspectives of paid carers on supporting older people living in care homes with depression, self-harm, and suicide ideation and behaviours
- Trish Hafford-Letchfield, Helen Gleeson, Peter Ryan, Barbara Billings, Ruth Teacher, Matthew Quaife, Ann Flynn, Stefano Zanone Poma, Silvia Vicentini
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 40 / Issue 5 / May 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 November 2018, pp. 984-1003
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- May 2020
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This study explored the concept of ‘giving up’ from the perspective of care staff working in care homes, and their everyday communication and hidden knowledge concerning what they think about this taboo topic and the context it reflects. Moving to a care home is a major transition where cumulative losses can pose risks to mental health in later life. If not recognised, this vulnerability can lead to depression which extends to suicide ideation and behaviours in the form of self-harm and self-neglect. Care homes are a significant place of care until death, yet a discourse of silence means that self-harm and suicide is under-reported or not attended to with specialist expertise. The layperson's concept of an older person ‘giving up’ on life is hardly discussed in the literature. This co-produced qualitative study used an inductive approach to explore this phenomenon through focus groups with 33 care staff across four care homes in South-East England. Findings paint a complex picture, highlighting tensions in providing the right support and creating spaces to respond to such challenging situations. ‘Giving up’ requires skilled detailed assessment to respond to risks alongside improved training and support for paid carers, to achieve a more holistic strategy which capitalises on significant relationships within a wider context.
Approaching Human Rights at the World Heritage Committee: Capturing Situated Conversations, Complexity, and Dynamism in Global Heritage Processes
- Peter Bille Larsen, Kristal Buckley
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Cultural Property / Volume 25 / Issue 1 / February 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 March 2018, pp. 85-110
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Social scientists are increasingly approaching the World Heritage Committee itself as an entry-point to understanding global heritage processes and phenomena. This article explores the subject of human rights in the operations of the World Heritage Committee—the decision-making body established by the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. It seeks to address the epistemological and methodological implications of approaching the World Heritage Committee as a point of departure for understanding global heritage and rights dynamics. It builds on an “event ethnography” undertaken by the authors to understand how rights discourse appeared in multiple contexts during the Thirty-Ninth World Heritage Committee session held in Bonn, Germany, in June 2015.
In this article, we discuss the methodological and ontological implications of studying rights discourses in the context of World Heritage events and processes. We have a particular interest in the interplay of formal and informal dynamics, revealing the entangled and multi-sited processes that shape and are shaped by the annual event. While much of the debate and analysis in heritage studies is understandably concerned with formal decision-making processes and position-taking, this work demonstrates the significance of a range of informal dynamics in appreciating future possibilities.
Notes on Contributors
- Edited by Len Platt, Goldsmiths, University of London, Sara Upstone, Kingston University, Surrey
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- Book:
- Postmodern Literature and Race
- Published online:
- 05 February 2015
- Print publication:
- 19 February 2015, pp vii-xii
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Contributors
- Edited by Caroline Harvey, James Summers, Lancaster University, Nigel D. White, University of Nottingham
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- Book:
- Contemporary Challenges to the Laws of War
- Published online:
- 05 November 2014
- Print publication:
- 16 October 2014, pp vii-xiv
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Oxide Impurities in Silicon Oxide Intermetal Dielectrics and Their Potential to Elevate Via-Resistances
- Wentao Qin, Donavan Alldredge, Douglas Heleotes, Alexander Elkind, N. David Theodore, Peter Fejes, Mostafa Vadipour, Bill Godek, Norman Lerner
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 20 / Issue 4 / August 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 May 2014, pp. 1271-1275
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- August 2014
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Silicon oxide used as an intermetal dielectric (IMD) incorporates oxide impurities during both its formation and subsequent processing to create vias in the IMD. Without a sufficient degassing of the IMD, oxide impurities released from the IMD during the physical vapor deposition (PVD) of the glue layer of the vias had led to an oxidation of the glue layer and eventual increase of the via resistances, which correlated with the O-to-Si atomic ratio of the IMD being ~10% excessive as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. A vacuum bake of the IMD was subsequently implemented to enhance outgassing of the oxide impurities in the IMD before the glue layer deposition. The implementation successfully reduced the via resistances to an acceptable level.
Contributors
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- By Marc Alexander, Joe Bray, Beatrix Busse, Patricia Canning, Ronald Carter, Jonathan Charteris-Black, Billy Clark, Tracy Cruickshank, Barbara Dancygier, Alan Durant, Catherine Emmott, Olga Fischer, Joanna Gavins, Alison Gibbons, Christiana Gregoriou, Geoff Hall, Craig Hamilton, Patrick Colm Hogan, Lesley Jeffries, Manuel Jobert, Rodney H. Jones, Marina Lambrou, Benedict Lin, Bill Louw, Dan McIntyre, Michaela Mahlberg, Jessica Mason, David S. Miall, Sara Mills, Marija Milojkovic, Ruth Page, David Peplow, Mick Short, Paul Simpson, Violeta Sotirova, Gerard Steen, Peter Stockwell, Michael Stubbs, Michael Toolan, Katie Wales, Sara Whiteley
- Edited by Peter Stockwell, University of Nottingham, Sara Whiteley, University of Sheffield
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Stylistics
- Published online:
- 05 March 2015
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- 08 May 2014, pp ix-xv
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9 - Australia’s codification of judicial review: Has the legislative effort been worth it?
- from Part 2 - Judicial Review
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- By Peter Billings, University of Queensland, Anthony Cassimatis, University of Queensland
- Edited by Matthew Groves, Monash University, Victoria
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- Book:
- Modern Administrative Law in Australia
- Published online:
- 12 August 2019
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- 13 February 2014, pp 180-204
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Summary
Introduction
In Australia, at the federal, State and Territory levels, legislative steps have been taken to enhance the efficacy of judicial review over administrative action. The purpose of statutory codification of judicial review was twofold: first, to enhance access to justice for individuals aggrieved by government action or inaction; and, second, to promote, and affirm the importance of, legal accountability for public administration. This was to be achieved by, inter alia:
Simplifying the procedures for accessing the courts and applying for judicial review;
Codifying the common law grounds for review; and
Providing for a right to written reasons in respect of certain administrative decisions.
This chapter examines whether legislative codification has been ‘worth it’, in view of the rationale underpinning it. Put another way, has codification constrained, or hampered, the law of judicial review in Australia?
Chapter 1 has assessed the role that the Kerr and Ellicott committees played leading up to the enactment of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth) (‘ADJR Act’). The ADJR Act was ‘an important milestone in the evolution of Australian administrative law’. It was the irst attempt in Australia ‘to codify both the law and much of the procedure of judicial review’. The ADJR Act has been judicially described as ‘one of the most important Australian legal reforms of the last century’. Groves has observed that ‘during the irst decade after its enactment, the ADJR Act was the leading avenue of judicial review and clearly exerted great inluence over Australian administrative law’. This assessment is supported by the Administrative Review Council (‘ARC’) in a report issued in 1989. In that report, the ARC set out statistics regarding judicial review applications federally under the ADJR Act but also via s 39B of the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth) which corresponds to the High Court’s jurisdiction under s 75 of the Commonwealth Constitution (see Figure 9.1). The preponderance of ADJR Act applications is striking.
Cost-effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression in primary care: economic evaluation of the CoBalT Trial
- Sandra Hollinghurst, Fran E. Carroll, Anna Abel, John Campbell, Anne Garland, Bill Jerrom, David Kessler, Willem Kuyken, Jill Morrison, Nicola Ridgway, Laura Thomas, Katrina Turner, Chris Williams, Tim J. Peters, Glyn Lewis, Nicola Wiles
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 204 / Issue 1 / January 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 69-76
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- January 2014
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Background
Depression is expensive to treat, but providing ineffective treatment is more expensive. Such is the case for many patients who do not respond to antidepressant medication.
AimsTo assess the cost-effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) plus usual care for primary care patients with treatment-resistant depression compared with usual care alone.
MethodEconomic evaluation at 12 months alongside a randomised controlled trial. Cost-effectiveness assessed using a cost-consequences framework comparing cost to the health and social care provider, patients and society, with a range of outcomes. Cost-utility analysis comparing health and social care costs with quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).
ResultsThe mean cost of CBT per participant was £910. The difference in QALY gain between the groups was 0.057, equivalent to 21 days a year of good health. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was £14 911 (representing a 74% probability of the intervention being cost-effective at the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence threshold of £20 000 per QALY). Loss of earnings and productivity costs were substantial but there was no evidence of a difference between intervention and control groups.
ConclusionsThe addition of CBT to usual care is cost-effective in patients who have not responded to antidepressants. Primary care physicians should therefore be encouraged to refer such individuals for CBT.
Contributors
- Edited by Renaud Gagné, University of Cambridge, Marianne Govers Hopman, Northwestern University, Illinois
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- Book:
- Choral Mediations in Greek Tragedy
- Published online:
- 05 October 2013
- Print publication:
- 17 October 2013, pp viii-x
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Spiritual well-being in patients with advanced heart and lung disease
- E. Alessandra Strada, Peter Homel, Sharon Tennstedt, J. Andrew Billings, Russell K. Portenoy
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 11 / Issue 3 / June 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 July 2012, pp. 205-213
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Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of spiritual well-being over time in populations with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).
Method:In a prospective, longitudinal study, patients with CHF or COPD (each n = 103) were interviewed at baseline and every 3 months for up to 30 months. At each interview, patients completed: the basic faith subscale of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) questionnaire, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), the Rand Mental Health Inventory (MHI), the Multidimensional Index of Life Quality (MILQ), the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), and the Short Portable Mental Health Questionnaire (SPMSQ).
Result:The mean age was 65 years, 59% were male, 78% were Caucasian, 50% were married, 29% lived alone, and there was no significant cognitive impairment. Baseline median FACIT-Sp score was 10.0 on a scale of 0–16. FACIT-Sp scores did not change over time and multivariate longitudinal analysis revealed higher scores for black patients and lower scores for those with more symptom distress on the MSAS-Global Distress Index (GDI) (both p = 0.02). On a separate multivariate longitudinal analysis, MILQ scores were positively associated with the FACIT-Sp and the MHI, and negatively associated with the MSAS-GDI and the SIP (all p-values < 0.001).
Significance of results:In advanced CHF and COPD, spiritual well-being remains stable over time, it varies by race and symptom distress, and contributes to quality of life, in combination with symptom distress, mental health and physical functioning.
Preliminary Performance Assessment for Deep Borehole Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste
- Peter N. Swift, Bill W. Arnold, Patrick V. Brady, Geoff Freeze, Teklu Hadgu, Joon H. Lee
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1475 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 March 2012, imrc11-1475-nw35-il08
- Print publication:
- 2012
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Deep boreholes have been proposed for many decades as an option for permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. Disposal concepts are straightforward, and generally call for drilling boreholes to a depth of four to five kilometers (or more) into crystalline basement rocks. Waste is placed in the lower portion of the hole, and the upper several kilometers of the hole are sealed to provide effective isolation from the biosphere. The potential for excellent long-term performance has been recognized in many previous studies. This paper reports updated results of what is believed to be the first quantitative analysis of releases from a hypothetical disposal borehole repository using the same performance assessment methodology applied to mined geologic repositories for high-level radioactive waste. Analyses begin with a preliminary consideration of a comprehensive list of potentially relevant features, events, and processes (FEPs) and the identification of those FEPs that appear to be most likely to affect long-term performance in deep boreholes. The release pathway selected for preliminary performance assessment modeling is thermally-driven flow and radionuclide transport upwards from the emplacement zone through the borehole seals or the surrounding annulus of disturbed rock. Estimated radionuclide releases from deep borehole disposal of spent nuclear fuel, and the annual radiation doses to hypothetical future humans associated with those releases, are extremely small, indicating that deep boreholes may be a viable alternative to mined repositories for disposal of both high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel.
Mapping potential foodsheds in New York State by food group: An approach for prioritizing which foods to grow locally
- Christian J. Peters, Nelson L. Bills, Arthur J. Lembo, Jennifer L. Wilkins, Gary W. Fick
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- Journal:
- Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems / Volume 27 / Issue 2 / June 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 May 2011, pp. 125-137
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Public interest in local food continues to grow, but few analyses have examined the capacity for the US population to be supplied through local and regional food systems. This paper extends earlier work that demonstrated a method for mapping potential foodsheds and estimating the potential for New York to meet the food needs of the state's population centers. It provides a methodology for addressing the question, ‘If land is limited, which foods should be grown locally?’ A spatial model was developed to allocate the available agricultural land of New York State (NYS) to meet in-state food needs for six distinct food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, meat and eggs) across the eight largest population centers. An optimization routine was used to allocate land to maximize economic land use value (LUV). Eleven scenarios were examined, ranging from a baseline level of consumption of New York produced foods to a 100% local diet. Across the 11 scenarios, the amount of food supplied, the LUV attained, and the area of land allocated increased as the ‘willingness’ to consume local products increased. This approach dictated that land was preferentially devoted to higher-value food groups relative to lower-value groups, and no scenario used all available land. Under the 100% local scenario, 69% of total food needs (on a fresh weight basis) were supplied in-state with an average food distance of 238 km. This scenario provided food from only four of the six groups, namely, dairy, eggs, fruit and vegetables. These results suggest that a much larger proportion of total food needs (on a weight basis) might be provided from in-state production than was found in previous work. LUV serves as a compelling optimization function, and future work should investigate the degree to which maximizing returns to land complements or conflicts with social and environmental goals of local and regional food systems.
21 - Geoinformatics developments in Germany
- from Part VI - Emerging international and other efforts
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- By Jens Klump, Helmholz Centre Potsdam German Research Centre for Geosciences, Joachim Wächter, Helmholtz Centre, Peter Löwe, Helmholz Centre Potsdam German Research Centre for Geosciences, Ralf Bill, University of Rostock, Matthias Lendholt, Helmholtz Centre
- Edited by G. Randy Keller, University of Oklahoma, Chaitanya Baru, University of California, San Diego
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- Book:
- Geoinformatics
- Published online:
- 25 October 2011
- Print publication:
- 19 May 2011, pp 323-331
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Summary
Geoinformatics history in Germany
With computers becoming available for geosciences in the 1970s, the German research community in the earth sciences realized the potential of an informatics approach to scientific questions in the earth sciences. As early as 1979, groups started investigating how these “new media” could be used in earth science research (Vinken, 1983). The development of applications in the mid 1980s was driven mainly by the needs of land surveying and those of utility companies. By the end of the 1980s, the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) began to establish itself as a methodology in academic research, predominantly in the fields of geodesy and geography. However, progress in the field of geoinformatics was hampered by missing standards and immature technology. The term geoinformatik for the application of computer science in the earth sciences has been in use in Germany since the mid 1990s. However, its definition remains vague and other terms, such as “geoinformation science” and “geomatics” are still in use.
In the early 1990s, the German National Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) established a working group for interoperable GIS (AG IOGIS). The concept of IOGIS can be seen as a precursor to an interoperable geospatial infrastructure. This was also the time when geoinformatics began to establish itself as a subdiscipline of computer science and to reach beyond GIS as its application.
Kinetic effect of boron on the crystallization of Si3N4 in Si–B–C–N polymer-derived ceramics
- Amir H. Tavakoli, Peter Gerstel, Jerzy A. Golczewski, Joachim Bill
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 26 / Issue 4 / 28 February 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2011, pp. 600-608
- Print publication:
- 28 February 2011
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The amorphous Si–B–C–N ceramics with a similar Si/C/N atomic ratio and various boron contents of 3.7 and 6.0 at.% B were synthesized and then isothermally annealed at temperatures ranging from 1550 to 1775 °C. The course of crystallization for the modifications of Si3N4 was examined by quantitative analysis of the corresponding x-ray diffraction patterns. Additionally, recent results of similar investigations on the ceramic with 8.3 at.% B were also considered. The kinetic analysis demonstrates that the controlling mechanisms of the Si3N4 crystallization, continuous nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth, are independent of the boron content. Nevertheless, the estimated activation energy of the crystallization significantly increases from 7.8 to 11.5 eV with the amount of boron ranging from 3.7 to 8.3 at.%. It is concluded that the role of boron in the crystallization kinetics is mainly due to the effect of boron on the nucleation process. Beside the kinetic analysis, the correlation between the boron content and the Si3N4 crystallite size has been discussed.
Crystallization kinetics of Si3N4 in Si–B–C–N polymer-derived ceramics
- Amir H. Tavakoli, Peter Gerstel, Jerzy A. Golczewski, Joachim Bill
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 25 / Issue 11 / November 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 2150-2158
- Print publication:
- November 2010
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To study the crystallization kinetics of β-Si3N4 in Si–B–C–N polymer-derived ceramics, the amorphous ceramics with composition SiC1.6N1.0B0.4 were synthesized and then isothermally annealed at 1700, 1775 and 1850 °C. The integrated intensities of β-Si3N4 x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to examine the course of crystallization. The average size of the Si3N4 nanocrystallites was analyzed by means of the XRD measurements and energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy. It was realized that the nanocrystallite dimensions change insignificantly within the time period of crystallization; however, they depend significantly on the temperature. Subsequently, the kinetics of the β-Si3N4 crystallization was analyzed. Consequently, large activation energy in the range of 11.5 eV was estimated. Moreover, continuous nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth have been concluded as the main mechanisms of the crystallization process. Further analysis points at the crucial role of the nucleation rate in the crystallization kinetics of β-Si3N4.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Development of a surgical robot for cementless total hip replacement
- Brent Mittelstadt, Howard Paul, Peter Kazanzides, Joel Zuhars, Bill Williamson, Robert Pettitt, Phillip Cain, David Kloth, Luke Rose, Bela Musits
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The combination of robotics and medical imaging may soon provide orthopaedic surgeons with a tool that significantly increases the precision of cementless total hip replacement operations and directly links preoperative planning with surgical execution. Twenty-six successful robot-assisted operations have been performed on dogs and the first clinical trials on human patients have recently taken place.
Mapping potential foodsheds in New York State: A spatial model for evaluating the capacity to localize food production
- Christian J. Peters, Nelson L. Bills, Arthur J. Lembo, Jennifer L. Wilkins, Gary W. Fick
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- Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / March 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 February 2009, pp. 72-84
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Growing interest in local food has sparked debate about the merits of attempting to reduce the distance food travels. One point of contention is the capacity of local agriculture to meet the food needs of local people. In hopes of informing this debate, this research presents a method for mapping potential foodsheds, land areas that could theoretically feed urban centers. The model was applied to New York State (NYS). Geographic information systems were used to estimate the spatial distribution of food production capacity relative to the food needs of NYS population centers. Optimization tools were then applied to allocate production potential to meet food needs in the minimum distance possible. Overall, the model showed that NYS could provide 34% of its total food needs within an average distance of just 49 km. However, the model did not allocate production potential evenly. Most NYS population centers could have the majority of their food needs sourced in-state, except for the greater New York City (NYC) area. Thus, the study presents a mixed review of the potential for local food systems to reduce the distance food travels. While small- to medium-sized cities of NYS could theoretically meet their food needs within distances two orders of magnitude smaller than the current American food system, NYC must draw on more distant food-producing resources. Nonetheless, the foodshed model provides a successful template for considering the geography of food production and food consumption simultaneously. Such a tool could be valuable for examining how cities might change their food procurement to curb greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to depletion of petroleum and other energy resources necessary for long-distance transport of food.